WHAT IS FLUORESCENT OBSERVATION TECHNIQUE?

Fluorescence visualization is a technique that uses fluorescent dyes and fluorescent proteins to highlight and image the area of interest.
When specific light (exciting light) is shined on the molecules of a substance, the light energy is absorbed and the electrons inside are excited.
Then, in the process of returning to the original ground state, a phenomenon called light-emitting fluorescence is applied.

Fluorescence results in very weak light emission.

Standard cameras are not sensitive enough to take pictures.

A special camera, usually a highly sensitive cooled CCD camera, is used.

 

Cooled CCD camera

Even when there is no light input, a signal called “dark current” is still generated inside the CCD, causing noise. This dark current increases as the element temperature increases, but it can be kept low by cooling it. The cooled CCD suppresses dark current by cooling the CCD, allowing highly sensitive imaging with less noise. Suitable for low light observation such as dark field observation and fluorescence observation.

CMOS camera has high sensitivity

Recently, the performance of CMOS cameras has been improved, and there are many cases where highly sensitive CMOS cameras are used for fluorescence observation.

LONG DISTANCE MAGNIFYING GLASS

Even our company uses long-range microscopes.
(Please refer to the long range USB microscope LRA500CS-E/S.)

 

Here we will introduce the multi-dimensional long-range magnifier used for visual inspection.

 

When examining the inside of the machine through gaps, etc. you may want to zoom in and examine (observe) the object while maintaining a distance of 30cm to 60cm.
What is useful in such cases is something called Actual Scope or Gallery Scope.

 

 

単眼長距離拡大鏡

 

Initially, it was used to zoom in and view exhibitions in art galleries and museums from a few meters away.

Some of these lenses have focal lengths from about 30cm to infinity.

If you combine this with our long range spot lighting system you can do the following.

 

 

単眼長距離拡大鏡

The photo on the left combines a Kenko “8×20” true scope with our LED-ZL3W long-range spot illumination.

 

When we confirmed in practice, it was about 10 times larger (visibility for φ2 cm) at 30 cm focal length and about 5 times larger (visibility for φ4 cm) at 60 cm focal length.

   
焦点調整ダイヤルがあるのも便利 It is also very convenient to have a focus adjustment dial on the lens side.
   
If the viewing area is narrower or there is a gap, you can also insert the ultra-fine fiber illumination device as shown below into the gap and observe from a distance with a long-range magnifier.

単眼長距離拡大鏡

単眼長距離拡大鏡

HOW TO MEASURE LENGTH USING A DIGITAL XY TABLE

Choose a camera that can draw diagonal lines on the screen.
In our PC screen live camera and high resolution camera have diagonal display function.

Example of measuring the outer diameter of a gasket

1. Use light transmission to emphasize the edges.
2. Display diagonal lines on the screen.

 

ワッシャーの外径測定例

 

3. Align the diagonal with the edge of the measuring point.
4. Reset the digital micrometer to zero.

 

デジタルマイクロメータをゼロリセット

5. Using the micrometer, move it to the leading face of the fringe.
6.At this time, the micrometer value becomes the outer diameter.

 

マイクロメータを使い、もう1箇所の端面まで移動マイクロメータの値が外径になります

Advantages of this system

(1)No need for calibration before measurement.
  (2) Even objects not shown on the screen can be measured.
  (3) Since it depends on the accuracy of the micrometer, it is capable of indicating accuracy including a certificate of calibration.

Disadvantages of this system

(1)Time consuming for measurement
  (2) Can only measure horizontally and vertically.
    (It is also possible to measure obliquely if using a rotary table.)
  (3) Only the distance between two points can be measured.

    (Cannot measure angle, area, distance between center of circle, etc.)

 

 

 

XYテーブル(デジタルマイクロメータ付き)TD100-25MX XY table (with digital micrometer) TD100-25MX

 

 

OBSERVATION OF THE EPIDEMIC

■Direct observation of the epidermis

 

Even when you observe the hair at high magnification it is difficult to see the cuticle (The black foreign object simply becomes larger.)

 

Observe with ring light

 

リング照明で観察

 

If it’s a “high magnification type with coaxial illumination” it’s more or less easier to see.

Furthermore, the resolution of the lens must also be high.

 

(1) Universal high magnification microscope (coaxial illumination)

NSH130CS-R ultra-high magnification microscope, but low lens resolution (coaxial illumination)

 

超高倍率マイクロスコープ NSH130CS-Rで観察

 

Due to the low resolution of the lens, the outline of the epidermis is blurred and cannot be observed.

 

 

 

(2) High resolution/high magnification microscope (coaxial illumination)

 

Ultra high magnification and high resolution USB CCD microscope USH130CS-H1 Ultra high magnification microscope with high lens resolution (coaxial illumination)

 

超高倍率高解像度 CCD USBマイクロスコープ USH130CS-H1で観察

 

(3) Metallurgical microscope

GR3400J Metallurgical Microscope Metallurgical microscope is a coaxial illumination microscope. Although not intended for use, you can clearly see the cuticles. If you just want to look at the cuticles, I think that’s the most cost-effective method.

 

金属顕微鏡 GR3400Jで観察

 

To actually take pictures like the one below, you’ll need an electron microscope.*We don’t handle electron microscopes.

 

電子顕微鏡

 

 

<Comparative image of epidermal observation>

 

Metal microscope + 400x microscope camera

 

金属顕微鏡 + 顕微鏡用カメラ 400倍

 

■Ultra high magnification microscope (USH3130CS-H1) 800x

 

超高倍率マイクロスコープ(USH130CS-H1) 800倍

 

■Indirect observation of the epidermis

 

The epidermis cannot be directly observed using a biological microscope.
However, it can be observed indirectly using a technique called the reservoir method

Prepare the “sewage liquid” and “sewage plate”.

 

「スンプ液」と「スンプボード」

 

Place the hair on the sump, apply the liquid in the tank and let it sit for a while.
The surface of the hair is transferred to the wastewater plate.

Observe this table using a biological microscope.

The following is an image of the epidermis observed at our company using the Sumpu method.

 

キューティクル観察をスンプ法で行った時の写真

 

HOW TO CLEAR THE EDGES OF A SURFACE R

If the edge of the workpiece has a radius, it may not be visible clearly.

You can see clearly by adjusting magnification, lighting and background.

 

We tried observing the edge

of the battery.

乾電池のエッジ

1. Difference in depth of focus (versus 80x magnification)

 
When opening the aperture When the aperture is narrowed
絞りを開放にした場合 絞りを絞った場合
As the aperture widens, the depth of focus becomes shallow and edges may not be clear.
   

2. Difference in background color (compared to 80x magnification)

 
In case the background color is black In case the background color is white
背景色が黒の場合 背景色が白の場合
Edges may become unclear due to background reflections, reflections from lights or shadows.
   

3. Difference in magnification

 
The depth of focus also changes with magnification. (Compare with open aperture)
At 30x At 80x
30倍時 80倍時
 
Edges of the same object may appear blurred when magnification is increased.

REDUCE IMAGE DISTORTION

Telecentric lens

Telecentric lenses allow you to obtain images with less distortion.

I tested with our RT3 and RT5 telephoto lenses.

 

テレセントリックレンズ RT3、RT5 We attached the RT3 and RT5 telecentric lenses to a USB camera to take photos of the glass ladder.
テレセントリックレンズ RT3 テレセントリックレンズ RT5で撮影
Take pictures with RT3 telephoto lens Take pictures with RT5 telephoto lens

You can see that the 4 corners of the screen are not distorted at all.

This is a feature of telecentric lenses.

CCTV lens

If you are using a CCTV lens, a telephoto lens will have less distortion than a wide-angle lens.

We tested with a 6mm prime lens and a 25mm prime lens.

 

8mm 固定焦点レンズ We attached an 8mm fixed focus lens to a USB camera and took a photo of the chart paper.
方眼紙の四隅が歪んでいる It can be seen that the four corners of the chart paper are distorted.
25mm 固定焦点レンズ We attached a 25mm fixed focus lens to a USB camera and took a photo of the chart paper.
方眼紙の四隅に歪みがあまり見られません。 There is not much distortion in the four corners of the graph paper.

 

Some macro lenses have less distortion depending on the performance of the lens, but they are more expensive.

Conclude

Telecentric lenses allow you to obtain images with less distortion.
A feature of the telecentric lens is that there is no distortion at the four corners of the screen.
If you are using a CCTV lens, a telephoto lens will have less distortion than a wide-angle lens.
 

WANT TO OBSERVE IN A WIDE RANGE FROM 1X TO 1000X

When the range is as wide as 1x to 1000x, a lens with a zoom ratio of 1:1000 is needed.

Currently, no matter how high-end the zoom lens is, there are only zoom lenses with a ratio of about 1:12 in the world.

 

The following three ways are considered to be the ways to achieve a wide range of them

① Prepare some lenses

Our standard variable magnification lens (SDS-M) has a zoom ratio of 1:6.5.

In other words, a range as wide as 1 to 1000 times is physically impossible.

However, the camera used in our microscope is a regular C-mount so changing lenses is easy.

Standard lens: SDS-M

 

標準レンズ:SDS-M

 

Mounting: C mounting

Compatible cameras: 1/2, 1/2.5, 1/3 inch

Operating distance:90mm

Magnification: 20 to 120 times ※1

※1 Magnification when attached to our 1/2 inch camera and observed on the 17 inch screen

High magnification zoom lens: SDS-FZR

高倍率 ズームレンズ:SDS-FZR

 

Mounting: C mounting

Compatible cameras: 1/2, 1/2.5, 1/3 inch

Operating distance:95mm

Magnification: 40x~ 240x ※2

※2 Magnification when attached to our 1/2 inch camera and observed on a 17 inch screen. However, if you change lenses, you will need to review the lighting.

In particular, when observing at extremely high magnification such as 1000x, bright enough light is required.

We also have lenses and lighting with over 1000x magnification as shown below.

NSH130CS-R ultra-high magnification USB microscope

 

超高倍率USBマイクロスコープ NSH130CS-R

Total magnification 200x to 1450x

② Choose a lens with an interchangeable objective lens system.

You can choose an interchangeable objective zoom lens from the moment you consider using it.

 

Initially, the standard objective lens of this microscope was 10x, giving a total magnification of 200 to 1450x.

 

The following optional objective lenses are available, so by removing this 10x objective lens and replacing it with the lower lens, you can achieve a wide range.

 

対物レンズ

Optional 2x objective lens QM Plan Apo L2 (2X)

Magnification: 40x to 240x

 

対物レンズ

Optional 5x objective lens QM Plan Apo HL (5X)

Magnification: 100x to 600x

 

 

③ Use with optional lens

Our standard lenses mentioned above are

Standard lens: SDS-M

 

標準レンズ:SDS-M

 

 

Mounting: C mounting

Compatible cameras: 1/2, 1/2.5, 1/3 inch

Operating distance:90mm

Magnification: 20 to 120 times ※1

※1 Magnification when attached to our 1/2 inch camera and observed on the 17 inch screen

If you use this tip with the optional 0.5x lens below, the magnification will be 15x to 90x.

Secondary lens 0.5x TG-0.5

0.5倍補助レンズ TG-0.5

 

※Includes current advanced lenses.

In this case, the magnification will decrease and the focal length will go from 90mm to about 170mm.

If the pole is not high enough, we also have extension poles available.

 

If you use the optional 2x lens below, the magnification will be 60-360x。

Expansion set (x2) RCS-20

エクステンダー(x2)RCS-20

 

※Place it between the camera and your current lens.

In this case, the magnification will decrease but the focal length will remain at 90mm.

※However, this method is not highly recommended.

The secondary lens is just a lens on top of a lens, so many problems arise.

Reducing the magnification does not have much effect, but this increases the magnification, causing optical difficulties in the following points.

Need to increase the dimmer of the light

・If the magnification is high, the color separation and resolution of the lens will be significantly reduced.

Therefore, methods ① and ② are initially recommended.

For questions about lighting and lenses or to request demo equipment, please contact our technical support.

INTRODUCTION TO BLURR AND ABERRATIONS AT THE PERIPHERY OF THE LENS

上下ダイヤル

Adjust the microscope’s focus using the upper and lower dials.

The focus cannot be adjusted any other way.

 

微動調整タイプ

However, as magnification increases, making fine adjustments becomes difficult.

In that case, use the fine-tuning adjustment type shown above.

Even after adjusting the focus, the following phenomenon may still occur.

 

■Blur surroundings

However, as magnification increases, making fine adjustments becomes difficult.

In that case, use the fine-tuning adjustment type shown above.

Even after adjusting the focus, the following phenomenon may still occur.

 

周囲ボケ

 

■Aberrations

As you increase magnification, edges become less clear and the entire image begins to look blurry.

 

Lowest magnification of our TG lens (X0.7)

収差

 

Maximum magnification of our TG lens (X4.5)

弊社のTGレンズの最大倍率(X4.5)

WHAT IS DEPTH OF FOCUS/DEPTH OF FIELD?

1.Overview of depth of focus/imaging depth of field

In a regular lens, only one point is completely in focus.

(Special lenses for precision measurements such as telecentric lenses are excluded)

There are areas that are less out of focus before and after the point that is perfectly in focus.

This is called depth of field.

If you move away from a point that is completely in focus, the point will gradually become blurred.

By narrowing the optical path, you can reduce the level of blur.

However, because the image becomes darker when stopped down, it cannot be used with very high magnification lenses.

2.Depth of focus/depth of field of the microscope

 

Pictured below is our full-aperture microscope, the MS200PC3 (20-110x).

絞り付マイクロスコープ  

Using a microscope with this aperture, we will compare the images when the lens is wide open and when the lens is closed.

(Reduce aperture to increase depth of field.)

Tilt the 0.5mm pitch glass scale at 45 degrees and observe it from above.

 

0.5mmピッチのガラススケールを観察 0.5mmピッチのガラススケールを観察

(1) Depth of focus/depth of field at 50x

<When opening the aperture> <When narrowed to maximum>
絞りを開放にした時 最大に絞った時

How much focus there is depends on each individual

Since it is tilted at 45 degrees, multiplying by 1/1.41 gives the depth of stroke.

If you judge 4 steps (= 2 mm) to be correct then the depth of field is 2 mm x (1/1.41) = 1.42 mm.

Tilt the board at a 45 degree angle and observe it at 50x magnification.

(1.6 mm x 0.8 mm electronic components are spaced 1 mm apart.)

 

 

<When opening the aperture> <When narrowed to maximum>
絞りを開放にした時 最大に絞った時

As reference, I also confirmed at 100x.
Because of the high magnification, the glass scale was changed to a distance of 0.2mm.

 

<When opening the aperture> <When narrowed to maximum>
絞りを開放にした時 絞りを最大に絞った時

Please note that if you close the aperture, the lens will become darker and the resolution will decrease.

 

3.Depth of focus/technique to increase depth of field

◆Explanation: About the focal depth/depth of field of the lens

 

Before introducing this trick, I want to explain the lens’s depth of focus.

Depth of focus is also expressed in DOF (Depth of Focuse).

Case in air(N=1)

DOF=(0.55/(2×NA²))+(1/M×K/NA)

Formula explanation)

 

  • The first item is “an item defined by resolution.”
  • The second item “K” is “a constant determined by the resolution of the observer’s eye” and varies from person to person.
  • “M” is the “overall magnification of the lens”.

What we can say from this is that the only way to increase depth of focus is to decrease magnification or decrease NA.

At the same magnification, the only option is to reduce NA.

 

The photos below are from the same manufacturer and product line, with the megapixel-compatible lens on the left and the lower-resolution all-purpose lens on the right.

被写界深度比較

When comparing lenses with the same magnification and focal length, general purpose lenses have a deeper depth of focus.

The only way to reduce NA with the same lens is to narrow the aperture.

If the lenses are different and the magnification is the same, the longer the focal length, the lower the NA, and the deeper the depth of focus.

◆Introduction to tips: “Aperture” and “Digital Zoom”

However, because both “aperture” and “digital zoom” tend to reduce resolution, we recommend using a 4K (8 million pixel) camera and a lens with equivalent high resolution. response.

 

I attached a 10 million pixel compatible 50mm lens to a 4K (8 million pixel) camera and attached a close-up ring for 50x macro photography for comparison.

 

固定焦点レンズで作ったマイクロスコープ

 

Take a photo of the same board as above under the same conditions.

(1) AT 50X, ADJUST DEPTH OF FOCUS/DEPTH OF FIELD JUST BY CHANGING LENS APERTURE

 

<When opening the aperture> <When narrowed to maximum>
絞りを開放にした時 絞りを最大に絞った時

(2) After adjusting the digital magnification to 50x, adjust the depth of focus/depth of field using the lens aperture.

<When opening the aperture> <When narrowed to maximum>
絞りを開放にした時 絞りを最大に絞った時

(3) Benefits when using the procedure

Since it uses a fixed focus lens, zoom is not possible.

However, unlike macro zoom lenses, the working distance is not fixed, so there is flexibility in terms of W.D. longer, shrinking the system and nuances of depth of field.

Depending on lens selection, any (fixed) magnification can be set from 5x to 50x.

4.Conclude

The area in front and behind a point that is completely in focus and slightly out of focus is called depth of field.

How realistic it is depends on each individual.

By using a combination of “aperture” and  “digital zoom”, a deep depth of focus/depth of field can be achieved even with a simple microscope built with a lens fixed focal length.

 

WANT TO PERFORM LOW MAGNIFICATION OBSERVATIONS WITH A COAXIAL ILLUMINATED USB MICROSCOPE

Z500CS

 

Our Z500CS coaxial illumination USB microscope comes with a 1.5x auxiliary lens as standard.

 

This time, we tried to observe the metal parts of the USB memory.

同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察02

 

 

 

同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察01  

Observe with 1.5x secondary lens (basic specifications)

 

Focal length, magnification and field of view are:

・Focal length: 52mm

・Visibility range(at 65x): 5.2mmx3.9mm

・Visibility range(at 390x): 0.8mmx0 .6mm

 

 

 

 

 

同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察03   同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察04  
  Seen like this at 65x   Seen like this at 390x  

 

 

 

If you want to observe at low magnification, remove this 1.5x auxiliary lens to reduce magnification.

 

同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察05  

Remove the 1.5x secondary lens. Focal length, magnification and field of view at this time are:

・Focal length: 95mm

・Visibility range (at 45x): 8.0mmx6.0mm

・Visibility range(at 270x): 1.2mmx0.9mm

 

 

 

 

 

同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察06   同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察07  
  Seen like this at 45x   Seen like this at 270x  

 

 

 

If you want to observe at even lower magnification, attach the 0.75x auxiliary lens to reduce the magnification.

 

同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察08  

Attach the 0.75x auxiliary lens At this point, the focal length, magnification, and field of view are:

・Focal length: 113mm

・Visibility range (at 35x): 11.3mmx8.5mm

・Visibility range (at 210x): 1.7mmx1.2mm

 

 

 

 

 

同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察09   同軸照明USBマイクロスコープで低倍率観察10  
  Seen like this at 35x   Seen like this at 210x  

 

In this way, the minimum magnification of 35x (0.75x) cannot be used because the coaxial illumination becomes unbalanced.

Therefore, the lowest practical magnification is to remove the standard 1.5x auxiliary lens and observe at a minimum 45x magnification.

 

 

For details about the “coaxial illumination USB microscope” and “0.75x auxiliary lens” used this time, please see the product page below.

 

Z500CS  

Z500CSLT coaxial illumination USB microscope

 

 

 

 

 

0.75倍補助レンズ Z-0.75  

0.75x auxiliary lens (for FZ/SDS-FZR series microscopes) Z-0.75

 

COMPARE THE RESOLUTION BETWEEN NSH LENS AND USH LENS

Comparison at 1400x (X5) is near the highest magnification of the NSH lens

■Features of Lens

When using extremely high magnification lenses (over 1000x), the difference in lens performance becomes apparent near maximum magnification.

・Blurred edges (aberration)

・Color fading (chromatic aberration)

 

Depending on the subject, edge blur (aberration) and color blur (chromatic aberration) can have a significant effect on appearance.
→If this level is reduced to the maximum, the lens price will increase significantly.
→On the other hand, depending on the subject, costs can be significantly reduced.

■Examples have little impact

When examining samples on silicon wafers, the edges may be slightly blurred but are still fully visible. (Photo below)

Lens used: NSH Lens (multi-purpose lens)

 

汎用レンズの解像度

 

Lens used: USH Lens (high resolution lens)

高解像度レンズの解像度

■Examples have many influences

Edge blurring and chromatic aberrations are also present. Although the presence or absence of foreign objects can be determined, detailed observations cannot be made.

Lens used: NSH Lens (multi-purpose lens)

汎用レンズの解像度

 

Lens used: USH Lens (high resolution lens)

高解像度レンズの解像度

HOW TO CONNECT THE CAMERA WITH MONOCULAR (MICROSCOPE)

There are various types of monoculars.
Some have removable eyepiece lenses, while others cannot.

■If the eyepiece lens cannot be removed
When the eyepiece diameter is φ30mm to φ32mm and made of hard material such as resin

 

接眼部のレンズが外せない場合

 

You can attach a camera by connecting an adapter lens like the one below to the eyepiece part.

 

アダプタレンズをアイピース部分の接続

 

可変倍率カメラアダプタレンズ BA-A1835 Variable magnification camera adapter lens BA-A1835
   
カメラアダプタレンズ BA-A35 Camera adapter lens BA-A35

 

■When the eyepiece lens can be removed
When the inner diameter of the straight cylinder after removing the eyepiece is 23.2 mm (JIS standard)

 

接眼部のレンズが外せる場合

 

You can connect a C-mount camera by removing the eyepiece and inserting a relay lens in its place as shown below.

 

リレーレンズを挿入するとCマウトカメラの接続が可能

EQUIPMENT RECORDING PICTURES BEFORE AND AFTER TRIGGER

■RECORDER

A device that can record images from before an event occurs is called a skipback recorder.

The images below can be saved before and after an external trigger signal is input.
You can also extract the images you need as still images.

スキップバックレコーダー

 

 

■USB CAMERA + SOFTWARE

 

Also, if you can use a PC without using such equipment, you can record videos before and after the trigger occurs by using a USB camera or GigE camera and equipment monitoring drive recorder software.

 

FIXTURE USING TRIPLE HOLE (1/4 INCH SCREW)

The tripod hole is used for relatively many purposes other than cameras.

The strobe lighting shown below has a tripod hole.

 

三脚穴 三脚穴
   

 

In addition, we will introduce fixing devices that use a tripod hole.

カメラの三脚には固定

■A flexible arm (bellows) type fixture that can be clipped onto the edge of a desk.
フレキシブルアーム(蛇腹)タイプの固定具

 

変わった固定具 変わった固定具
   

 

■This is our edge fixed stand with a 3D arm.

 

3Dアーム付きエッジ固定スタンド

 

It can also be installed on our Easy Arm.

 

イージーアーム イージーアーム
It is an arm with three joints that can move freely.  
   
イージーアーム(バーLED・カメラ・モニタ用)KA-N Easy arm (For bar LED, camera, monitor) KA-N

METHOD TO OBSERVING LARGE METAL

We sometimes receive requests to see on-site the composition of metal products that are too large to be cut out. In that case, we take the following two points into consideration and propose a custom-made product like the one in the photo below:
– Fixed magnification to reduce weight and cost. (Can be changed using the objective lens at the tip)

– Insert a cutout in the stand to directly observe the object.

大きな金属の場合の観察方法 大きな金属の場合の観察方法
Of course, coaxial illumination is used to observe the metal composition.
   
Small simple metallurgical microscope
KKKI-STD6-130DN
   
単眼式同軸測定顕微鏡 For a monocular coaxial measuring microscope like the one on the left.
Connect a camera to reduce weight

 

 

カメラはUSBタイプ、ハイビジョンタイプ等から選べます The camera is USB type, you can choose from high-definition types, etc.

STANDS FOR OBSERVING LARGE OBJECTS

We have a track record of manufacturing custom-made stands such as the ones below.

 

大型対象物が観察しやすいスタンド1

 

 

It is a manual type, but an electric type is also available.

 

大型対象物が観察しやすいスタンド2

 

 

It is large enough to fit A4 size paper.

 

大型対象物が観察しやすいスタンド3

 

大型対象物が観察しやすいスタンド4

 

大型対象物が観察しやすいスタンド5

 

 

You can observe every corner of the table.

 

大型対象物が観察しやすいスタンド6

You can create deep pockets by creating a structure like the one above.

HOW TO USE AN ULTRA HIGH MAGNIFICATION MICROSCOPE (NSH500CSU) USING TRANSMITTED LIGHTING

The NSH500CSU comes standard with a simple XY panel but does not support transmitted lighting, so we will cover how to install a transmitted lighting system.

 

◆Method 1
How to attach the rubber feet to the RD-95T and place it on the standard XY platform (TK100)

RD-95Tにゴム足を取付け、標準付属のXYステージ(TK100)に載せる方法

 

Light can be easily passed through without processing, but the size of the object is limited to the size (φ95) that can be placed on the RD-95T.

Because it has rubber feet, it will not slip, but the lamp body may move due to impacts such as being hit by your hand.

 

◆Method 2
How to switch to the XY turntable simply, remove the observation plate and install the RD-95T

 

回転式簡易XYステージに変更し、観察板を外しRD-95Tをはめ込む方法

 

Since the RD-95T can be mounted to the XY table, it can be fixed to some extent.
Since it is necessary to route the cable to the outside, it is necessary to drill a hole about φ10 in size in the base.
We can also drill holes for free before shipping.

 

 

For details on the products introduced this time, please see below.

超高倍率USB マイクロスコープ NSH500CSU

NSH500CSU ultra-high magnification USB microscope

   

 

 

 

回転式簡易XYテーブル TK180-K

Simple XY rotary table TK180-K

   

 

 

 

透過照明 RD-95T Transmitted lighting RD-95T

RECORDING DEVICE

There are many low-priced hard disk recorders on the market.
The following products come with a monitor, and the internal hard disk can be replaced with a commercially available size.
Long-term recording is possible for up to 2 months.
It has four video (NTSC) input terminals.

 

長時間動画を保存する機器

 

Also, if you can use a PC without using such equipment, you can record long videos by using a USB camera or GigE camera and long-term recording software.

 

 

GLASS SCALES

Various types of glass scales are also available.

The photo below is of Shodensha’s glass scale.

Calibration glass scale GS-4SQ

 

校正用ガラススケール GS-4SQ

 

When calibrating our microscope, the grid type is easier to adjust than the cross display. Furthermore, it would be convenient to have several square sizes to suit various magnifications.

The glass scale mentioned above is perfect for this purpose.

ACCESSORIES TO REDUCE HALATION

There is a way to use white V-shaped blocks.

 

白色のV字ブロック
 
I tried observing a metal cylinder using a V-shaped block. (Uses a white resin V-shaped block)

 

白色の背景で観察
V字ブロック使用して観察
<Observation on a white background>
Simple reflected light causes halation.

 

<Observation using V-shaped block>
By using V-block Illumination from the side is also provided.

 

 

V字ブロック The size of the V-shaped block is 80mm x 50mm x 30mm

 

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPTH OF FIELD AND OPERATIONAL DISTANCE

To increase the depth of field, there are two typical methods below

(1) Increase depth of field.

(2) Narrow the optical path

 

This time we will explain about (1)

■Relationship between depth of field and operating distance

Below is a table of specifications for lenses from the same manufacturer, same series, and same magnification (X4).

W.D. The longer it is, the deeper the depth of field.

 

レンズのスペック表

 

 

■Measure the actual depth of field thanks to the difference in operating distance

Tilt the 0.2mm pitch glass scale at 45° and observe it from above.
Comparative shooting with lenses from the same manufacturer and lens series with different operating distances.

 

 

真上からから観察

 

 

(1) Observe with x6 optical magnification lens with operating distance of 40mm

 

作動距離40mmのレンズで観察

 

If we judge that the focus is on a scale (0.2 mm), then the depth of field is 0.2 mm x (1/1.41) = 0.14 mm.

 

 

(2) Confirm with a lens with optical magnification X6 and operating distance of 110mm

 

110mmのレンズで確認

 

If we judge that the focus is on two scales (0.4 mm), then the depth of field is 0.4 mm x (1/1.41) = 0.28 mm.

 

PHOTO STAND (COPY STAND)

When using a digital camera to photograph paper materials, books, or other three-dimensional objects that cannot be copied, it is convenient to have a copy stand.

There are various sizes and prices on the market, but the ones below are relatively affordable and allow you to take photos up to A4 size.
The size is 450x450mm and the pillar height is 550mm.

 

撮影台(コピースタンド)

 

We also provide stands and lights that can be used like pseudo-copy stands that allow you to observe A4 size documents exactly.

 

低価格カメラスタンド GR-STD1-115 低価格カメラスタンド GR-STD1-115

 

HOW TO USE A HANDLE MICROSCOPE

When using a handheld microscope, there are 3 following vital notes: 

1. Display speed

When taking pictures with a handle microscope, the screen inevitably shakes.
If the display speed is slow, the “shaking” phenomenon will not stop.

2. Power source

A microscope needs two power sources: the camera and the light source.
Dedicated machines may be provided with a USB port.

3. Adjust brightness

Since one hand is busy, I think it would be easier to use if there was an automatic exposure mode.

DinoLight products are available as special handheld machines with a wide range of products and low prices.

 

DinoLight

 

Depending on the combination, some of our products can also be used as hand tools (Since this is a combination product, it is not listed in the catalog as a set, so please contact us.)

・1.3 million pixel USB3.0 camera (global shutter USB3.0 camera with fast display speed)
・Low magnification SG2 lens (small, small diameter lens for ergonomic users) 
・16-light ring light (can be directly connected to the lens and powered by a PC USB port)

 

Dimensions as shown below

 

 

Both the camera and light can be powered from a PC. (No separate power supply required.)

 

ハンディマイクロスコープ

 

Because lens are so small and narrow, the zoom ratio is not wide.

 

ハンディマイクロスコープ

Is image processing necessary as pre-processing for image testing?

● Issues with Automated Visual Inspection

In recent times, many users have incorporated automated visual inspection using image-based methods.

  • Pixel-check type automated visual inspection,
  • Pattern-check type automated visual inspection
  • Automated visual inspection with AI embedded in the above types.

While there are various methods, some users encounter challenges where the automated visual inspection fails to detect and overlooks instances marked as “NG” (Not Good). Upon investigation, it is often found that the NG elements are not clearly visible in the inspection images.

● Necessity of Image Processing

In such cases, reconsideration and reconstruction of hardware elements such as:

  • Camera resolution
  • Camera performance
  • Lens performance and magnification
  • Illumination methods are often required. However, even after revising the hardware, successful detection can be challenging.

As mentioned earlier, the fundamental principle is that even humans, software, or AI cannot detect what is not visible. In fact, at this point, software and AI may be inferior to humans. In such instances, there arises a need for image processing as a preprocessing step.

Instead of directly streaming raw acquired images to the inspection software, it is preferable to apply image processing as a preprocessing step before streaming the processed images to the inspection software. While this may increase tact time (inspection time), it is an effective method when detection without preprocessing is challenging.

● Types of Image Processing

Image processing includes various techniques such as binarization, contrast correction, brightness correction, color correction, color limitation, smoothing, edge enhancement, contour enhancement, noise reduction, sharpening, and, in a broader sense, resizing, measurement, line generation, and more.

● How is Image Processing Performed?

Typically, static images are saved, and image processing is carried out using an image processing unit.

● Can Image Processing be Done in Live View (Real-Time)?

The answer is yes. If the microscope’s display software has image processing options in the view function, you can perform image processing in real-time during live view and then save the static image. However, such capabilities are often found in high-end microscopes, requiring a substantial investment.

 

 

 

印刷した文字を観察
Observe the printed characters
 

 

ファイバーの端面を観察
Observe the fiber end face
 

 

クリームの粒子を観察
Observe cream particles

 

CHECKING VISUALITY WITH A MICROSCOPE

CHECKING VISUALITY WITH A MICROSCOPE

Many of the examinations performed using a microscope on the inspection line are extremely tiring and place a significant burden on the examiner. Therefore, many people are thinking about replacing it with a small microscope. However, there are many types of microscopes and if you don’t choose the best one, you may be creating an unnecessary burden on yourself.
There are three points to keep in mind when replacing a microscope with a mini microscope:

THREE IMPORTANT POINTS FOR REPLACEMENT

① CHOOSE A MODEL WITH A HIGH FRAME RATE

The microscope displays images on a PC or monitor.
If the frame rate is low, the projected image will not move smoothly, causing additional tension.
Frame rate is expressed as a number, but the number that makes people feel uncomfortable is around 50 to 60 fps.
When the speed drops below 30fps, the feeling of discomfort becomes noticeable.
PC-connectable models often have low frame rates due to USB communication speed issues.
Therefore, we recommend that you choose the screen direct connection type.

②Choose a model with good color reproduction

The appearance will vary depending on the camera used for the microscope.
For this reason, there are some items with good color reproduction and others with not so good.
If the colors don’t look good, the human brain will feel uncomfortable and this will lead to stress.
Even if a red object looks slightly orange, it can make you feel uncomfortable and stressed.
If you choose a camera with full resolution, the color reproduction is relatively high, so you can get clear images.

③SELECT A MODEL WITH WIDE DYNAMIC RANGE

I don’t think you’ve heard the term dynamic range often.
Briefly explained, when you illuminate a bright object and a dark object at the same time, if you adjust the brightness of one object, the other object may appear blown out or dim.
To eliminate this phenomenon, a camera with a wide dynamic range is needed.
Dynamic range is a state that a camera has but it also varies depending on the camera.
Compared to conventional cameras, the human eye is very good and has a very wide dynamic range.
The main reason why things look different to the human eye and through a camera is often due to differences in dynamic range.
There are models that emphasize wide dynamic range, so I think it’s best to choose one of those.

THE RECOMMENDED MODEL IS:

We also have car models that meet all 3 points above.
Full high definition microscope
Frame rate = 60fps
Color reproduction = Very clear resolution thanks to full high definition resolution
Dynamic range: Wide with HDR function (high dynamic range)
We also have demo machines, welcome to try them out.

THE POOR REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE PRINTER

There may be instances where the captured images cannot be printed with the desired color reproducibility.

When the resolution of the captured images is sufficient, the printer’s performance may be influencing the outcome.

<USING GENUINE PAPER>

Using genuine paper from the printer manufacturer or paper closely resembling to them.

<USING A 6-COLOR TYPE (OR MORE)>

Color printers cannot reproduce colors lighter than the set ink colors. Equipping the printer with lighter colors such as light cyan, light magenta, gray, etc., allows for subtle adjustments in color variations. While standard printers often have 4 colors, it is advisable to use 6 colors (or more) when printing images.

<USING A HIGH QUALITY PRINTER TO PRINT PHOTOS>

If you use a high-quality photo printer like the one below, the quality of your printed images will be improved.

 

プリンター

ABOUT SURGE COUNTERMEASURE

Surges, stemming from various factors, refer to abnormal voltages and the resulting abnormal currents.

Causes include “lightning surges” induced by lightning and “switching surges” resulting from the ON/OFF of the power supply.

Concerning “lightning surges,” power companies and communication providers implement diverse countermeasures, and specific surge-protective devices, such as surge tables, are available for purchase.

 

雷サージ用のテーブルタップ

 

“Switching surges” pertain to surges occurring during circuit opening and closing. Caution is advised when large-capacity motors, generators, high-voltage circuits, solenoids, etc., are connected to the same power line.

I

f power supply circuits frequently experience damage, abnormal operations occur, or similar issues arise, surge protection may be necessary. Separating power lines can be a straightforward solution, and various surge protection devices are also available for purchase.

MICROSCOPE USING A SINGLE-LENS REFLEX CAMERA

Combining a step-down ring with Nikon’s telephoto lens (f = 300mm), attach an M26 microscope objective lens to the end.

 

ステップダウンリングを組みあわせてM26の顕微鏡用対物レンズを取り付け

 

Achieving imagery and observing a clear visual representation, the lens-side distance adjustment dial operates at a fine-tuning level.

取付例

 

Projecting a glass scale with a 0.2mm pitch, the horizontal field of view is 0.4mm, allowing for a magnification of approximately 800 to 1000 times.

 

0.2mmピッチのガラススケールを映してみます

 

It is worth noting that this method is applicable even with standard lenses (approximately f = 50mm). While the magnification decreases, it is adequately accommodated with ring illumination.

 

標準レンズ(f=50mm程度)でもこの方法は使えます

The focal length is around 40mm, shorter than that of a dedicated microscope.

LONG DISTANCE SHOOTING / ZOOM IN WITH A SINGLE – LENS REFLECT CAMERA

The method to connect SLR lenses to camera C for long-distance and magnified photography involves the relatively straightforward application of a C-mount to F-mount adapter.

 

Cマウント⇒Fマウントの変換アダプタ

 

Utilize the aforementioned adapter with Nikon’s telephoto lens (f =300mm) and connect it to DN3V-130.

 

DN3V-130に接続

 

The minimum distance is approximately 3 meters.

Observe the distant view at 3 meters, as depicted in the image below: 60mm×45mm.

 

最至近距離は3m程度

LONG DISTANCE SHOOTING / ZOOM IN WITH A SINGLE – LENS REFLECT CAMERA

The method to connect SLR lenses to camera C for long-distance and magnified photography involves the relatively straightforward application of a C-mount to F-mount adapter.

 

Cマウント⇒Fマウントの変換アダプタ

 

Utilize the aforementioned adapter with Nikon’s telephoto lens (f =300mm) and connect it to DN3V-130.

 

DN3V-130に接続

 

The minimum distance is approximately 3 meters.

Observe the distant view at 3 meters, as depicted in the image below: 60mm×45mm.

 

最至近距離は3m程度

HOW TO ACCURATELY MEASURE SIZE WHEN OBSERVING BY A DIGITAL MICROSCOPE

3D arm is convenient for observation with digital microscope.

 

TG-3D3  

3D arm of microscope

 

<Image>

3Dアームで斜め観察時のコツ1
Take photos right next to the microscope

 

3Dアームで斜め観察時のコツ2   3Dアームで斜め観察時のコツ3
Take photos directly from the front    

 

 

3Dアームで斜め観察時のコツ4

 

Therefore, even when observing at the same magnification, the same vertical calibration value cannot be used. When measuring by oblique observation, it is necessary to correct for such conditions.

 

Summary

 

For accurate measurements by oblique observation, calibration must be performed with the microscope tilted at a 45 degree. However, if you are tilting two axes (tilting not only left and right but also toward you), you need to consider both axes when calibrating.

For details on the “3D arm” and “measuring software” used in this measurement, please see below pictures.

 

TG-3D3  

3D arm for microscope

TG-3D3

 

 

 

 

High-performance image processing measurement software

MFship

UTILIZING THE LENGTH MEASUREMENT FUNCTION OF A MICROSCOPE FOR QUALITY CONTROL

In this article, we shall present the “Points to Consider,” “Usage Guidelines,” and “Recommended Microscopes” when utilizing the length measurement function of microscopes for quality control.

POINTS TO CONSIDER

While some microscopes have the capability to measure length, two operational issues may arise:

(1) The microscope itself is not a traceable measuring instrument.

(2) Calibration, except for some high-end models, must be performed by the user. (Errors may occur due to user operations.)

USAGE GUIDELINES

When used for quality control purposes, there is no issue with internal calibration. However, clarification is needed regarding the standards used in internal calibration. In other words, implementation is feasible if we can meet the following three conditions:

  • Using a microscope with reproducibility capability.
  • The reference device used to check the accuracy of the microscope is transparent.
  • Standards with traceable capabilities are available.

We have customers who have obtained ISO9001 certification and continue to use our products.

RECOMMENDED MICROSCOPES

When utilizing the length measurement function of microscopes for quality control, we recommend the following:

 

Microscope model CT200HD:

 

 

◆ Rare in the mid-range product line. Lens-camera interlocking system

The camera collects data from the lens and automatically utilizes the calibration data stored in the camera’s internal memory:

・ No adjustment required by end-users.

・ Values remain unchanged regardless of end-user operations.

◆ Providing special options with accurate measurement scale

May include calibration certificate and test results table for accurate measurement scale. (Charges)

 

校正証明書1   校正証明書2

 

 

 

Microscope model CT200HD:

 

  Microscope model CT200HD-H (Medium Magnification, Automatic Calibration).

 

寸法測定(自動校正)マイクロスコープ(高倍率) CT200HD-H  

Microscope model CT200HD-H (High Magnification, Automatic Calibration).

OBSERVING BURRS INSIDE A HOLE USING TRANSMITTED ILLUMINATION METHOD.

Utilizing transmitted illumination to observe burrs and foreign objects within apertures.

We often receive requests to inspect burrs and foreign objects inside holes using transmitted illumination.

When the target object has a certain “thickness,” a bit of technique is required.

We conducted an examination by creating a hole with a diameter of φ5mm in a 12mm-thick aluminum plate and capturing images.

 

 

穴の中のバリや異物を観察

 

The upper, middle, and bottom surfaces in the above image have foreign objects adhered to them.

 

トップ(表面)、ミドル(中間)、ボトム(底面近く)

 

 

To detect all of these, the use of a lens with aperture control is necessary.

 

 

 

トップの焦点を合わせる

 

ミドルに焦点を合わせる

 

 

■ When using an open-aperture lens

Observing the top surface with the lens opened and focused yields the following results.

 

開放レンズを使った場合

* The middle and bottom become nearly imperceptible.

When focusing on the middle using an open-aperture lens for observation, the results are as follows.

 
 

 

開放レンズで中間に焦点を合わせ観察すると下記のようになります

*The top is visible but appears slender, while the bottom is in a highly indistinct state.

 

■When employing a macro lens with aperture control…

絞り付きのマクロレンズを使った場合

 

Capture the image with the aperture narrowed as much as possible.
  (Compensate for the resulting darkness with additional illumination, and keep the camera gain around 90% rather than at its maximum.)

 

*Both the top (surface) and middle (interior) as well as the bottom (near the base) can be adequately observed.

 

トップ(表面)・ミドル(中間)もボトム(底面近く)ともに十分に観察できます。

 

  • In conclusion,

To observe burrs and foreign objects within the hole, it is essential not only to use transmitted illumination but also a lens with aperture control that can deepen the depth of field.