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Welding is an important means of bonding metals, and the weld part is very important because it is directly related to the safety of the product.
Therefore, the amount of penetration of the weld is inspected, i.e. dimensional measurements are taken to confirm the depth and quality of penetration. Identify problems such as insufficient penetration, incomplete weld fusion, gaps, and excessive swelling.

＜Preprocessing＞

In order to properly inspect the penetration in the cross-section of the weld, the following pre-treatment is required:

① Cutting the test part
② Polishing the cross-section
③ Etching treatment with chemicals or electrolysis according to the material

After these pre-treatments, observations and dimensional measurements are carried out. These preparatory tasks are often entrusted to specialists, but this time we will present a product that specializes in dimensional measurement of the amount of penetration of welds.

＜Imaging and Dimension Measurement＞

Specifically, we used our microscope to capture and dimension measurements.

In this process, you need to repeat the following steps:

● Generate a reference line

● Measure the distance from the intersection of the reference lines

●Generate parallel lines

● Measure the vertical distance from the reference line

When dealing with a large number of specimens, this task can be quite time-consuming.

However, when using our measurement software, the following measurement support functions are enhanced, and it is possible to improve the efficiency of the time-consuming measurement work of the amount of weld penetration.

＜Functions of the measurement software used in this study＞

　① Occurrence of cross lines

By clicking the mouse on the screen, a cross line will appear at any position.

If the position is misaligned, you can easily repeat the click to adjust the position.

　② Abundant measurement items

It is equipped with a wide range of measurement functions and can be used not only for measurement tasks, but also as a reference line.

In this case, you can set the display of the measured value to be hidden.

This feature is particularly useful for measuring “vertical distances”.

In addition, the display color of each measuring line or numerical value can be changed individually.

● Distance between two points ● Distance between parallel lines ● Horizontal parallel distance ● Vertical parallel line distance ● Vertical distance ● Distance between the centers of the circle ● Point coordinates ● 3 point specified angle ● 4 points specified angle ● 3 points designated circle ● Approximate circle ●Rectangle ● Ellipse ● Approximate straight line ●Three-point arc etc

　③ Edge auto-fit function

When the mouse cursor is brought close to the desired measurement line, edge detection is automatically performed and the cursor fits the line.

This minimizes errors during the measurement process and results in more accurate measurements.

　④ Pinpoint digital zoom function

You can use the mouse wheel to digitally zoom around the position that the cursor is pointing to.

This allows for intuitive scaling and further reduction of measurement errors.

　⑤ Scale display

You can display the scale at any position at the desired size.

　⑥ One-click one-shot reporting function

Simply click the Print to Excel button to transfer the measurement data to Excel. This makes it easier to process data and create charts in Excel, which helps reduce reporting time.

It is very convenient to output raw images, images with measured values, and measurement values to Excel at once.

This is the measurement software used this time

● High-performance image processing measurement software MF Ship

This is the microscope used this time

● USB3.0 Microscope TG500CS

Our GRAV-1 video recorder offers the ability to store video data using a USB memory.

The device supports USB flash drives with a capacity of up to 32 GB and uses FAT32 format. It is possible to save image files in JPEG or BITMAP format. Especially in the case of jpeg format, the file size per sheet is about 100 KB.

Theoretically, up to 320,000 images can be stored.

However, the FAT32 format has a limit on the number of files, and the maximum number of files that can be stored in the root directory is about 65,000.

As a result, even if there is plenty of space, the number of images that can be stored is limited to 65,000.

To deal with this problem, the GR-AV1 automatically creates three folders and stores files in these folders in order.

However, it is not possible to change the directory structure, and therefore will continue to be affected by the file limit described above.

When using a stand, you may find yourself in a situation where you want to adjust the distance to the object you are observing. This refers to when you want to get closer to an object or conversely, when you want to keep a distance. In addition, if you are wearing other accessories, these may interfere with each other.

In fact, on a large number of stands, it is possible to mount the angles upside down. (Of course, the stand provided by our company can also be mounted upside down.) 

■ Useful when interference with other accessories is a problem.

Reversing the angle may solve the interference problem.
Example of using a standard stand (GR-STD4) and an LED angle (LED-A2)	Example of using a standard stand (GR-STD4) and flexible LED spot lighting (SPF-FL3)
■ This method is also useful if you need to adjust the position of the lens depending on what you are observing.

If you are looking for an affordable and relatively advanced microscope, we recommend the DS-PC4 (USB microscope) and DS-70TV4 (video microscope). These microscopes have limited zoom capabilities and do not allow the use of auxiliary lenses, but they are a very cost-effective option if they meet your requirements.

In particular, the DS-70TV4 is a great help because it can be carried with a portable video recorder with a monitor to perform observation tasks anywhere.

LEDintegrated 5MP USB microscope DS-PC4	LEDintegrated Video microscope DS-70TV4

Here are two effective methods for combating halation.

１．How to use polarizing filters By superimposing polarizing filters, it is an effective way to reduce halation. (A detailed explanation of this method can be found in “Fundamentals of Polarization Observation.”)
<Example 1: Solder point of electronic board > This method reduces the reflection of light in the solder.
＜Before halation suppression＞	＜After halation suppression＞
＜Example 2: Film＞ I was able to erase the reflection of light on the film.
＜Before halation suppression＞	＜After halation suppression＞
＜Example 3: IC storage stick＞ It reduces the surface reflection of the stick and makes the IC characters clearly readable.
＜Before halation suppression＞	＜After halation suppression＞
＜Example 4: Printing an IC＞
＜Before halation suppression＞	＜After halation suppression＞
＜Example 5: Soldering＞
＜Before halation suppression＞	＜After halation suppression＞
＜Example 6: An object with a mixture of high and low reflectivity＞
＜Before halation suppression＞	＜After halation suppression＞
＜Example 7: Printing on Film＞
＜Before halation suppression＞	＜After halation suppression＞
＜Example 8: Object in a plastic bag＞
＜Before halation suppression＞	＜After halation suppression＞
＜Example 9: Convex character of white resin (embossed part)＞
＜Before halation suppression＞	＜After halation suppression＞
2.Take advantage of high dynamic range (HDR) capabilities This feature uses a technique that extends the sensitivity range of the sensor at the expense of some of the contrast. This feature is available on our C-mount HDTVs.
＜Example 4: Screw axis＞
＜Normal shooting mode＞	＜HDR shooting mode＞
＜Normal shooting mode＞	＜HDR shooting mode＞

We will be happy to suggest a solution suitable for your specific needs, so please contact Technical Support for more information.

When using a stand, there are times when you want to get a little closer to the object or, conversely, a little further away from the object.
It may also interfere when another option is attached.

In fact, many stand angles can be mounted upside down.
(Of course, the angle of our stands can also be mounted upside down.)

■This option is useful when it interferes with other options.

In some cases, reversing the top and bottom may resolve the problem.
Example of using a standard stand    (GR-STD4) and LED angle (LED-A2)	Example of using a standard stand                           (GR-STD4)     and flexible LED spot lighting (SPF-FL3)
■This is useful when you want to move the lens closer or further away depending on the object.

In the case of spherical observation, there are two issues: 1. surface condition (specular or diffuse reflective material) and 2. depth of focus.
The observed object is a 5 mm sphere with a specular surface.

	Model used　 High-definition microscope TG200BA

1.Surface condition

If the object is a sphere, everything will be R-reflected (the angle that causes direct reflection is always included).
If the object is a specular surface, the areas of the specular surface that are directly reflected by the illumination will be white out,
and the rest of the specular surface will be in shadow.

・When photographed normally
・HDR (High Dynamic Range) function
The difference between shadows and white spots is less than in normal photography.
・HDR function + polarization filter
The white areas can be suppressed somewhat, but the rest of the image is slightly easier to see with the HDR function alone.
・Surround the object with reflective panels

In addition, when a USB camera type is used, the camera’s gamma function can be used as shown below to observe less difference between shadows and white splash, like the HDR function of a high-definition camera.

	Model used USB3.0 Microscope TG500CS
・When photographed normally
・When the camera’s gamma correction is applied
・Gamma correction + reflector around the object
Arranged to be illuminated by indirect light

With any technique, if the object is close to a specular object, it will be more difficult to capture a clear image.
If it is more or less a diffuse reflective object or something close to it, it will be easier to observe with the use of HDR functions, etc.

■Depth of focus

In addition, spherical surfaces can cause depth of focus problems.
Lubricant is added to the above spherical sample to see how far into focus it will be.
The photo below shows the above 5mm spherical sample with lubricant.
The focus is set at the apex of the sphere.
The aperture is stopped down, the depth of focus is deeper, and the entire image is less blurry.

When the aperture is stopped down	When the aperture is wide open

White balance is a correction to obtain a normal color image under various shades of light sources in a camera.
When adjusting the balance, it is often based on how the white subject appears in the image, and is collectively
referred to as white balance in terms of color tonality.
There are many ways to adjust the white balance, but in our case, we use one-push auto white balance.

Color standards (I find it best to use a blank sheet of paper) and adjust the brightness so that the image can be
observed without halation (white skipping) or too much darkness.
Then, one click on the white balance key will automatically apply color correction (auto white balance).

The display varies depending on the camera, such as AWB and OnePushWB.

We have a track record of manufacturing such custom stands.

It is manually operated, but electrically operated production is also possible.

It is large enough to hold an A4 size object.

It is designed so that you can observe every corner of the table.

Due to the structure shown below, you can also observe deep areas.

Occasionally, we receive requests such as “I want to check the composition of a large metal product on site, but I can’t cut out a sample.”

In order to respond to this, we propose custom products that take into account the following two points.

・In order to achieve light weight and low cost, a fixed magnification is adopted, but it can be adjusted with an objective lens at the tip. 
・For direct access to the object, a cutout is provided on the stand.

Naturally, coaxial illumination is used to observe the metal composition.

Production examples
	There are also these types. Compact simple metallurgical microscope KKKI-STD6-130DN
	This is an example of attaching a camera to a monocular coaxial measuring microscope shown on the left to reduce weight.

It is also easy to carry.

The camera can be selected from a USB connection or a high-definition type.

The tripod hole is wide and versatile beyond the camera.

Below is a strobe light, but it has a tripod hole.

Of course, it can be fixed to the camera’s tripod.

In addition, we will introduce various fixtures that utilize the tripod hole.

■ Fixture with flexible (bellows) arm that can be used between the edge of the desk

■ There is also a fixture with a unique shape, which can be installed in any place by entwining the foot.

■ It is a stand with a 3D arm to fix our edges.

■ It can also be attached to our Easy Arm.

It features an arm with three joints that move freely.
	Easy Arm (For bar LEDs, cameras, and monitors) KA-N

Depending on the depth of the recess and the size of the opening, observation may be possible depending on the ingenuity.

1．The use of LED ring lighting with a small diameter

	On the left is our standard size ring lighting GR80-N2, and on the right is our narrow diameter LED ring lighting GR96-N2.

Since the irradiated part is close to the lens, the irradiation angle is narrower, making it easier for light to reach the recessed part.

If the lens is thick, it may be possible to attach it only to the tip of the lens.

2. Use LED angles to adjust the position of the LEDs

	When using the LED angle, mount the lens holder upside down as shown in the picture above. (This is to avoid interference with LED angles.)
3. Use auxiliary lenses to increase the focal length
	The focal length can be extended by attaching an auxiliary lens to the tip of the lens or by lowering the magnification compared to existing auxiliary lenses. The longer the focal length, the narrower the irradiation angle, making it easier to observe the recesses.

These are accessories that can be attached to lenses and cameras to add various optical functions.

１．A filter to protect the lens from dust and smoke, fine scratches and dirt.

２．A filter that selectively reflects, absorbs, or passes a specific wavelength of light to create a specific light effect

３．Special filters, such as polarization, to reduce reflections and glare There are many other types.

As for the installation method, there is a general filter that attaches directly to the tip of the lens.

(A wide variety of camera accessories are offered at affordable prices.）

Protective Filters	Polarizing filter
	Attach the filter to the tip of the lens.

There is also a method of sandwiching a prismatic filter through a holder at the tip of the lens. (It is easy to replace the filter.)

＜Mounting example＞
Filters up to 5 mm thick can be used on top of each other.   It can also be attached to the inside of the camera using the C-mount. It is suitable when you do not use a lens (if you use a C-mount camera directly).

• This is a made-to-order product and can be of the following types:

  The basic made-to-order product is 350×250mm (see photo below) with a top surface of 350250 mm, and other sizes are special orders.

  (Adding a baking sheet to match the customer’s workpiece size will reduce the cost.)）

  The top plate has M6 size screw holes, which are convenient for attaching jigs and other items for products.

Analog

The smallest scale is 0.01 mm (10 μm), which is the value for a standard product without a vernier scale.

However, the allowable instrument difference is ±2 μm.

*The word “accuracy” is not used. In practice, measurements smaller than the minimum scale are difficult to make accurately and rely on scales.

Even if the instrument difference is ±2 μm, it may not be “accurate” in actual use.

Digital

Even with a minimum scale of 0.001 mm (1 μm), the instrument difference is ±2 μm.

* We do not say “accuracy” here, but although it is an instrument difference of 2 μm, it is common to think of this as accuracy in practice.

If you actually get a calibration certificate at our company, you will get the following results.

We offer products that use digital micrometers.

XY Table (with digital micrometer) TD100-25MX

A number of low-cost hard disk recorders are also available.
Here is one of the most useful ones.
The following products come with a monitor and the internal hard disk can be replaced with a commercially available size. 
Long time recording of up to 2 months is possible.
It has four video (NTSC) input terminals.

If a PC is available without such a device, a USB or GigE camera and

long-time recording software can be used to record long videos.

Industrial USB Cameras
Industrial GigE Camera
Long-time recording software for industrial USB cameras and GigE cameras

Various types of glass scales are also available.

The photo below shows a glass scale from Shodensha.

Calibration Glass Scale GS-4SQ

When calibrating our microscopes, we find it easier to adjust the grid type than the cross display.
In addition, it is convenient to have a number of grid sizes to match various magnifications.

The above glass scale is perfect for such applications.

  There is a way to use white V-shaped blocks.

  I observed a metal cylinder using a V-shaped block. (White, plastic V-block was used)

＜Observed against a white background＞       Halation occurs in simple reflected light.		＜Observation using V-shaped block＞                         The use of V-shaped blocks                     gave side illumination and made                        the picture much easier to see.

  The white V-shaped blocks were custom-made on the Internet.

  We will be happy to introduce you to some useful goods. Please feel free to contact our technical support.

Normally, if you want to fix a monitor to the pillar, attach a fixing stay for the monitor (optional).

It can then be used as shown in the photo below.

At this time, there is another small item that may come in handy.
It is as follows. (Optional)

Attach this to the stay for the monitor.

This way, the monitor can be angled.

There is a way to use a small digital camera to make a handheld microscope, although it is a product of another company.
Battery-powered lighting has the advantages of (1) being able to take it outside without the need for an electrical outlet and
(2) being able to use a small digital camera that you have on hand.

Our simplified XY table (TK100) has a travel range of 75 mm × 55 mm.

You may want to change the microscope to a side view (observe right next to the patient)
for observation of the inside of a slightly larger canal, or for observation of the solder in a BGA.
Here are some useful things to do in this case.
The product is called a reflective mirror box.

In terms of our lenses, the following two types can be attached. The top is a variable magnification lens from 25x to 135x (SDS-M19 variable magnification lens with aperture), and the bottom is a variable magnification lens from about 30x to 60x.

The reflective mirror box is mounted on the end of the lens.
Mounting hardware is separately required for installation. We sell them at our company, so please feel free to contact us. Click here

However, a connecting ring is required for connection. (Please contact us for details.)

Of course, if this is attached, ring lighting cannot be installed.

In addition, normal ring lighting cannot be installed.
Therefore, it is necessary to use fiber lighting, low-profile lighting, etc.

<Thin type lighting >
＜Fiber Lighting＞ There is also a separate method of illuminating the interior using fiber lighting.

We use the equipment shown in the photo below to carry out the observation work.

Precision stages operating on the Z-axis can be quite expensive.

Therefore, a lab jack like the one in the photo is sometimes used as a simple alternative.

There are also products that can be suggested, so please feel free to contact technical support.

A copy stand is useful for photographing paper documents, books, and other three-dimensional objects that cannot be copied
with a digital camera.

Various sizes and prices are available, but the following are relatively inexpensive and can take pictures up to about A4 size.

The base size is 450X450mm and the post height is 550mm.

We also have a stand and lighting that can be used like a pseudo-copy stand to observe A4 size perfectly.

Camera stand GR-STD1-115

It does not make detailed movements like a precision table, but it is useful for tasks such as identifying observation points.

In addition, compared to precision tables, they are more affordable in terms of price.

１）Manual simple XY table

Table diameter: 180mm 180mm　　Amount of movement　X Direction 180mm　Y Direction 180mm

2）Dial-type simple XY cable (simple XY table TK100)

Table Size: 150x190mm　　Amount of movement　X Direction 75mm　Y Direction 55mm

An option of a “0.5x auxiliary lens” is available that can extend the working distance by about 2 times.

(Some models may not have auxiliary lenses.) 

0.5x auxiliary lens for standard lens TG-0.5

＜About the change in working distance＞
※ In the case of the TG-0.5 0.5x auxiliary lens for standard lenses

※When using a 0.5x auxiliary lens, the working distance is extended, and as a result, the distance between the illumination and the object is widened, so an LED angle (e.g., LED-A2) is required to properly fix the lighting.

LED Angle (LED-A2)	Mounting example

It is possible to adjust the magnification by attaching it to the object side of the main lens. At the same time, the working distance (W.D.) can be changed.

	0.5x auxiliary lens for standard lens TG-0.5

<Changes in magnification and focal length when using a 0.5x auxiliary lens>

<Visual difference when 0.5x auxiliary lens is attached to the TG500CS>

TG500CS (without 0.5x auxiliary lens) At the lowest magnification	TG500CS (0.5x auxiliary lens attached) At the lowest magnification

It can be observed that when a 0.5x auxiliary lens is attached, the field of view is enlarged.

※When using a 0.5x auxiliary lens, it is necessary to adjust the illumination position using the LED angle because the working distance is extended and the distance between the illumination and the object increases.

LED angle LED-A2	Install the LED ring lighting on the LED angle